What are operators in c ?

In this tutorial, you will come to know about the various operator in the C programming language.

Operators are the base of any programming language and in C also the language is incomplete without the functionality of the operators.

If you want to know more about elements of C then read "Elements of C" .

What is an Operator in C?

An operator is a symbol that operates between two values (operands ).

 In C programming language we have a variety of operators to make our program easy.

  Arithmetic operator:-

It is the operator used to perform a mathematical operation over operands using different types of symbols like +,-,*,/,%.

Table for arithmetic operator and their functions:-

Operator	Functions
+	adds two operands
-	subtract second operands from first
*	multiply two operand
/	divide numerator by denominator
%	remainder of division
++	Increment operator - increases integer value by one
--	Decrement operator - decreases integer value by one

 To know about how to run a program in C and top Compiler for C read this post " Top Ide for C and C++ developers - 2019"

Let's do a C program for performing all the basic arithmetic operations:-

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1,n2,a,s,m,d,md;
 clrscr();
printf(“enter two integer number\n”); 
scanf(“%d%d”,&n1,&n2);
a=n1+n2; 
s=n1-n2;
m=n1*n2;
 d=n1/n2;
 md=n1%n2;
printf(“addition value=%d\n”,a); 
printf(“subtraction value=%d\n”,s);
 printf(“multiplication value=%d\n”,m);
 printf(“division value=%d\n”,d); 
printf(“modulo division value=%d\n”,md); 
getch();
}

Logical Operators:-

Table for the logical  operator and their functions:-

Operator	Functions	Example
&&	Logical AND	(a && b) is false
||	Logical OR	(a || b) is true
!	Logical NOT	(!a) is false

Let's do a C program for performing all the basic logical operations:-

#include <stdio.h>
#include 
int main()
{
    int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10;
    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);
    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c);
    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);
    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c);
    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);
    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c);
    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);
    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c);
    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);
    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c);
    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);
    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c);
    return 0;
}

Relational Operators:-

It is used to compare two or more operands using different symbols like >, <, ==, =!.

Table for the Relational operator and their functions:-

Operator	Functions
==	Check if two operand are equal
!=	Check if two operand are not equal.
>	Check if operand on the left is greater than operand on the right
<	Check operand on the left is smaller than right operand
>=	check left operand is greater than or equal to right operand
<=	Check if operand on left is smaller than or equal to right operand

Let's do a C program for performing all the basic relational operations:

#include <stdio.h>
#include 
int main()
{
    int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10;
    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);
    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c);
    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);
    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c);
    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);
    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c);
    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);
    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c);
    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);
    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c);
    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);
    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c);
    return 0;
}

Assignment Operators :-

It is used to assign a value to the variable. it is of two types.

i.            simple assignment(=) 

               ex: int a=5;

ii.           compound assignment(+=,-=,*=,/=) ex: sum+=i;

Let see the program of assignment operator effectively:-

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 5, c;
    c = a;      // c is 5
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c += a;     // c is 10 
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c -= a;     // c is 5
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c *= a;     // c is 25
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c /= a;     // c is 5
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c %= a;     // c = 0
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    return 0;
}

Special Operators :-

                           i. comma:- used to concatenate string with variable part. ex: printf(“addition                                                                    value=%d”,c);

used to separate constants, variable and expressions. 

Ex:-

constant separation int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; variable separation               

int a,b,c; expression separation int a=5,b=4

ii. semicolon:- used to terminate a line of code. ex: int a=9;

Bitwise Operators:-

The operator which is used to perform bit operation over the operand or variable as 0 and 1 is called bitwise operator.

types:-

i.                 bitwise and(&)

ii.               bitwise or(|)

iii.             bitwise xor(^)

iv.              bitwise complement(~)

v.                bitwise left shift(<<)

vi.              bitwise right shift(>>)

Unary Operators:-

 The operator which is used to perform over a single operand is called unary operator.

ex:- a++ 

Binary Operators:-

The operator which is use to operate over two operand is called binary operator.

ex:- a+b

Ternary Operators:-   

The operator which is used to operate over more than two operands are called ternary operator.

syn:- (condition)? print statement1:print statement2; 

To know more about basic of C Programming language you can refer this article "Introduction to C Programming Language - Introduction , Basic and History "

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